Country Regulations
Ireland: Forex Regulations
Ireland: Forex Regulations Exchange controls: Overview All exchange-control legislation in Ireland expired on December 31st 1992. No prohibitions have been in place since January 1st 1993 that would prevent the free movement of capital or current payments to/from the state by individuals or corporate entities for any purpose whatsoever. This liberalisation applies equally to EU [...]
Ireland: Trade Regulations
Ireland: Trade Regulations Trade policy: Overview The Irish economy relies heavily on foreign trade, and the total value of Irish exports increased by 4% annually over 2000-09. The value of exports grew by 6.7%, to EUR161bn, in 2010, the highest figure ever recorded. At least 85% of total exports are from foreign-owned companies. Ireland’s main [...]
Ireland: Tax Regulations
Ireland: Tax Regulations Corporate taxes: Overview Feb. 2 (Economist Intelligence Unit) — Ireland has one of the lowest headline corporate tax rates in the European Union, at 12.5%; this compares with 25% in the UK (from 2012); 29-32% in Germany; 27.75% in Luxembourg; and 33.33% in France. As a small open economy, largely dependent on [...]
El Salvador: Country risk summary 6 Jan 2012
El Salvador: Country risk summary El Salvador: risk assessment Sovereign Currency Banking Political Economic Country risk risk sector risk structure risk risk risk January BB BB BB BB B BB 2012 Sovereign risk Stable. The sovereign’s relatively high public debt/GDP ratio and limited progress in raising tax revenue weigh on the rating. Although risks to [...]
Bulgaria: Country risk summary 6 Jan 2012
Bulgaria: Country risk summary Bulgaria: risk assessment Sovereign Currency Banking Political Economic Country risk risk sector risk structure risk risk risk January BB BB BB BBB BB BB 2012 Sovereign risk Stable: Public debt is forecast to remain low. The Economist Intelligence Unit expects smaller budget deficits in 2011-13 than in 2010. The uncertainty in [...]
Jamaica: Country risk summary 5 Jan 2012
Jamaica: Country risk summary Jamaica: risk assessment Sovereign Currency Banking Political Economic Country risk risk sector risk structure risk risk risk January CC CCC CCC B CC CCC 2012 Sovereign risk Stable. A domestic debt swap in early 2010 has reduced debt-service due and eased pressure on the public finances, but Jamaica’s debt dynamics remain [...]
New Zealand: Country risk summary 5 Jan 2012
New Zealand: Country risk summary New Zealand: risk assessment Sovereign Currency Banking Political Economic Country risk risk sector risk structure risk risk risk January BBB BBB A AAA BBB BBB 2012 Jan. 5 (Economist Intelligence Unit) — Download the numbers in Excel Sovereign risk Stable: The new government will remain committed to honouring its debt [...]
Ecuador: Trade Regulations 5 Jan 2012
Ecuador: Trade Regulations Trade policy: Overview Ecuador traditionally ran a trade surplus, with the value of exports exceeding the value of imports, funded by the price of crude oil, its principal export. However, growth in the value of imports has led to deficits since 2009, which is threatening macroeconomic stability, given Ecuador’s inability to print [...]
Czech Republic: Trade Regulations 5 Jan 2012
Czech Republic: Trade Regulations Trade policy: Overview The Czech Republic maintains no special customs-free or export-processing zones and-notwithstanding lower production costs, investment incentives and a favourable tax regime-the country has no particular attributes to make it an attractive export base apart from its central geographical location in continental Europe. Nevertheless, as befits a low-cost producer, [...]
Ecuador: Forex Regulations 5 Jan 2012
Ecuador: Forex Regulations The US dollar has been Ecuador’s official currency since April 2000. The Economic Transformation Law (March 2000) requires all financial transactions conducted by or through financial institutions to be denominated in US dollars. Decisions 291 and 292 of the Cartagena Accord (Acuerdo de Cartagena), of March 22nd 1991, created the Common Regime [...]
